Chapter 4 (411-421)

CHRISTIANITY by XAVIER ZUBIRI

CHAPTER 4. Incarnation ---{233}

� 1. The presentation of the fact in the
New Testament ---{235}

A) A first, primitive, archaic form of Christology ---{238}
1) Preaching of St. Peter to the gentiles ---{238}
2) Beginning of the Epistle to the Romans ---{238}

B) The unfolding of this Christology ---{240}
1) Gospel of St. Mark ---{240}
2) Gospel of St. Matthew ---{240}
3) Gospel of St. Luke ---{241}
4) Gospel of St. John ---{241}

C) St. Paul ---{242}
1) Divine preexistence ---{242}
2) Historical existence ---{243}
3) Glorious existence ---{243}
4) The first-born of all creation {243}
D) The divine filiation of Christ ---{246}

� 2. The precision of the fact in time ---{247}

A) Christ as manifestation of God ---{248}
B) The unity of Jesus Christ ---{249}
C) The divine filiation ---{251}
D) The physical filiation ---{252}
1) The Word is the eternal Son of God ---{252}
2) Union of natures ---{255)
3) The mysterious personal unity of Christ ---{257}

� 3. Theologic conceptiveness ---{261}

I. The person of Christ ---{263}

A) Who is He? ---{263}
I) Christ from the point of view of the substantive being
who makes his life ---{264}
II) The reality of Christ in first act,
as substantive reality ---{272}
1) The physical person of the Word is fontanally present subjacent to the reality of Christ ---{273}
2) The Trinitarian presence in Christ ---{273}
3) Ultimate intimacy of the Word in Christ ---{273}
4) True filial reality in Christ ---{274}
a) His-ownness in Christ ---{276}
aa) His-ownness from the point of view of God ---{276}
bb) His-ownness from the point of view of man ---{277}
b) The relationship of the substantive reality
in which Christ consists as Son of God with the I of his substantive being ---{279}
c) The divine reality of Christ is held
by Christ in a filial way ---{281}

B) How does He know himself as Son of God? ---{283}

C) What is His place in creation? ---{286}

II. The personal life of Christ ---{287}

A) Phases of New Testament criticism {290}
1) Textual and literary criticism of the sources {290}
2) The proper vital context ---{291}
3) The multiple Christologies ---{291}
a) Biblical exegesis from the point of view of Christology faces great difficulties ---{291}
b) The problem of Christ's knowledge ---{292}

B) The biography of Christ ---{298}
1) What is a biography? ---{299}
2) Primarily what Christ makes is his life as his substantive being, as Incarnate Son of God ---{301}

C) How does man realize his biography? ---{303}
1) Man is in reality with real things ---{303}
2) The fundamentality of the reality of Christ ---{305}
a) Christ is subsistent religation ---{305}
b) Christ is subsistent revelation ---{308}
c) Christ is subsisting sacrament ---{311}

III. The work of Christ ---{313}

A) What do we understand by founding? ---{315}

B) How is that action realized? ---{319}
1) The death of Christ ---{320}
2) The resurrection of Christ ---{329}
a) Resurrection is going to the next world ---{330}
b) The "spiritual body" of Christ ---{330}
c) Christ resurrected goes to another world, does not return to this one, but manifests himself in it ---{332}
3) Death and resurrection of Christ as foundation of Christianity ---{337}

C) The repetition of the actions of Christ ---{340}
1) The actions of Christ are permanent ---{341}
2) The permanence is something progressive ---{342}
3) The repetition of the actions of Christ mediated
signifyingly by Christians ---{343}
a) Meaning of "signifyingly" ---{344}
b) Production of what is signified ---{345}
c) Sacraments as actions of Christ ---{347}

I. The initiation ---{351}

A) Baptism is an initiation ---{352}
B) Internal structure of baptism ---{353}
1) Incorporation to Christ ---{353}
2) The forgiveness of sins ---{355}
3) Grace as presence of the Trinity ---{356}
4) Regeneration ---{356}

II. The fullness ---{357}

A) The institution of the Eucharist ---{358}
1) Blessing of the first cup of wine ---{359}
2) Second part of the meal ---{360}
3) Third part of the meal ---{361}
4) Praying the second part of the Hallel ---{362}

B) What the Church formally requests as belief in the Eucharist ---{363}
1) Ratramnus, IX century theologian ---{366}
2) Berengarius of Tours, XI century theologian ---{366}
3) The Council of Trent ---{368}

C) The theologic conceptiveness of the Eucharist ---{371}
1) Food and consecration ---{373}
2) Conversion into spiritual food, conversion at level of condition ---{376}
3) Conversion at the level of reality ---{378}
a) What is reality? ---{379}
b) What is converted? ---{384}
c) What are the species? ---{388}
d) The unity of consecrated bread ---{392}
e) The Eucharist is formally the sacrament
of personal unity ---{395}

APPENDIX. Theologic reflections on the Eucharist ---{397}

A) The real presence of Christ in the Eucharist ---{398}
1) The fact of the real presence itself ---{398}
a) The oldest text (1 Cor 11:24) ---{398}
b) The bread ---{399}
c) The presence through conversion ---{400}
d) Real presence of Christ in the consecrated bread ---{400}
2) What becomes of the bread? ---{401}
a) First point, what is it to be real? ---{401}
b) Second point, what is bread as food? ---{404}
c) Third point, what is the reality of the presence of Christ in the consecrated bread? ---{405}

B) The mode of the real presence ---{407}
1) First point, what is actuality? ---{408}
a) Actuality is a real moment ---{410}
b) Actuality is a physical moment ---{410}
c) Actuality admits occurrence ---{410}
2) Second point, what is the human body? ---{411}
a) The body is a system of properties ---{412}
b) The body has its own complexion ---{412}
3) Third point, the mode of the real presence of Christ
in the consecrated bread ---{413}
a) Christ present as actuality not as act ---{413}
b) Christ present from his own personal reality ---{414}
c) In this actuality Christ makes himself present
in himself from himself ---{414}
d) Christ takes the bread ---{414}
e) Christ actual in the bread ---{415}
f) Christ takes the bread as food ---{415}
g) Sacramental presence, bread-food as principle
of actuality of Christ ---{415}

C) The formal reason for the Eucharist ---{416}
1) First point, what is it to be banquet? ---{417}
2) Second point, the essence of the
Eucharistic banquet ---{419}